MSV-2035 Astronomy Document - Inside Design - FINAL - FINAL

Astronomy & Astrophysics 33 Universe in a dust unbiasedway. AKARI, a 68.5-cm telescope, is the first Japanese satellite dedicated to infrared astronomy, with the main objective to perform an all-sky survey with excellent spatial resolution and mapping the entire sky at six infrared bands covering 9 to 180 m. The data are used to study nearby solar system objects, zodiacal light, brown dwarfs, young stars, debris disks and evolved stars in our Galaxy and in other galaxies of the Local Group. GAIA, an ongoing mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) has measured distances to an unprecedented number of stars in the Galaxy to a very high accuracy. It improves on the Hipparcos mission by a factor of 200 in position accuracy and a much larger factor in brightness by using a set of techniques and advanced instrumentation and data reduction techniques. GAIA has also measured proper motions of stars and together these measurements allow us to construct the phase space distribution of almost all the stars in the Galaxy. Kepler and K-2, were NASA's space telescopes that surveyed specific regions of the sky for a combined period of 9 years, and together discovered over around 3200 exoplanets. TESS, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite is an ongoing all sky survey mission searching for planets outside of our solar system, including those that could support life. Launched in 2018, the survey has cataloged thousands of planet hosting stars. eROSITA , a satellite launched in 2019 jointly by the German and Russian Space agencies is carrying out an all sky survey in X-rays (the first since 1990) and mapping the structure of the energetic universe, and the evolution of the thermal structure and chemical enrichment with redshift by discovering hot gas from all massive galaxy clusters in the observable Universe. Euclid, an ESAmedium class astronomy and astrophysics space mission launched in July 2023. This is a 1.2-meter telescope with imaging capabilities in the visible and near-IR wavelength ranges. Slitless spectroscopy is also possible for some bright targets. The main aim of this mission is to understand the nature of dark energy through deep imaging and spectroscopy. In addition, Euclid observations will provide insightful information on initial conditions that seeded the formation of cosmic structures and on 2 the physics of early universe. Euclid will obtain deep images of 15,000 deg of the darkest sky. Three 2 “Euclid Deep Fields” will cover around 40 deg at a greater depth to extend the scientific scope of the mission to the high-redshift universe. Afewdedicated surveymissions that are expected to be launchedwithin the next fewyears are provided below. Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is a planned 2.4-meter NASA observatory designed to address the nature of dark energy and important questions in the field exoplanets, and infrared astrophysics. The telescope will have wide field imager operating the near-IR wavelengths and a Coronagraph. The Wide Field Instrument will measure light from a billion galaxies over the course of the mission lifetime. Wide field images of the of the inner Milky Way will be used to find ~2,600 exoplanets using micro-lensing • • • • • • • μ MEGA SCIENCE VISION-2035