MSV-2035 Astronomy Document - Inside Design - FINAL - FINAL

Astronomy & Astrophysics 32 Galactic Understanding and Evolution (LEGUE), consisting of an extra-galactic spectroscopic survey aimed at understanding the large scale structure of the Universe and a stellar spectroscopic survey, including a search for metal- poor stars in the Galactic halo, to provide information on the structure of our Galaxy.Another interesting survey aimed at tracing the history of the Milky Way through stellar spectroscopy is the GALactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey using theAnglo-Australian Telescope. It is desirable that the Indian astronomy community plans to carry out large surveys using our facilities, identifying niche areas where such a survey can make a big scientific impact. In the radio, MeerKAT and ASKAP telescopes are carrying out more sensitive surveys in the low frequency ranges. Success of these surveys depend crucially on systematic data releases with uniform quality of the data and available access to these data to a large international community. The GMRT is carrying out the GMRT High Resolution Southern Sky (GHRSS) survey, which is one of themost sensitivemid-frequency surveys for pulsars and FRBs today. The last decade has also seen several all sky time-domain surveys aimed at scanning the sky more frequently compared to some of the surveys discussed above. The main aim is to detect a wide range of transients and monitor them with a better cadence. Such surveys include: the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS), the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF), the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS), the All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN), etc. These surveys have been very successful in discovering various new kinds of transients. The success of these surveys mainly hinges on the ability to process the data and identify potential transients automatically and disseminate information to the global astronomy community immediately for classification and follow-up observations. This mode of operation has now become the normof the time-domain astronomy community. This field will have a great boost with the upcomingVera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) project using the 8.4-meter, wide field Simonyi telescope. In the radio domain, instruments such as the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) and The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) play the role of transient detection telescopes. Various international communities and multinational collaborations are planning to set up a network of detectors for follow up observations of transients. It is desirable that the Indian community participates in such international network(s) through its own network of telescopes. 3.4.2 All Sky Surveys fromSpace Several space telescopes were launched primarily to survey most or all of the sky at different wave bands in the UV- optical-IR range.Afewmost notable ones arementioned below. Galaxy evolution explorer (GALEX of NASA) was operational during 2003-2013. GALEX was used to perform series of all-sky and deep sky imaging surveys in the near and far UV slitless spectroscopic modes. GALEXwas designed tomeasure the history of star formation in the Universe by observing in the ultraviolet wavelengths. The data products aremade available in its archives. Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) was launched in 2007. WISE performed an all-sky imaging survey at 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 m wavelengths, over ten months using a 40-cm diameter infrared telescope. The data products (containing images and catalog of sources detected) are now publicly available. They are being used to study the local Solar System, the Milky Way, and the more distant • • μ MEGA SCIENCE VISION-2035