MSV-2035 Astronomy Document - Inside Design - FINAL - FINAL

2 Astronomy & Astrophysics 3.5 CMBR Experiments 34 3.6 Gravitational Wave Observatories 35 3.7 Solar Telescopes 37 3.8 Computational Astrophysics 38 4 Status of National R&D Efforts 39 4.1 Science Highlights 41 4.1.1 The Sun 41 4.1.2 Solar System Objects 41 4.1.3 Interstellar Medium 42 4.1.4 Formation of Stars and Planets 43 4.1.5 Stellar Clusters 44 4.1.6 Stellar Abundances and Chemodynamics of the Galaxy 44 4.1.7 Stellar and Exoplanet Atmospheres 45 4.1.8 Galaxy Formation and Evolution 46 4.1.9 Large Scale Structure of the Universe 47 4.1.10 Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation 49 4.1.11 Cosmology and the Early Universe 49 4.1.12 Gravitational Lensing 50 4.1.13 Time Domain Astronomy 51 4.1.14 Compact Objects 53 4.1.15 Active Galactic Nuclei 55 4.1.16 Gravitational Waves 56 4.2 Observing Facilities 58 4.2.1 Radio Astronomy 58 4.2.2 Optical and Infrared Astronomy 60 4.2.3 TIFR Balloon Facility 64 4.2.4 X-ray and UVAstronomy from Space 64 4.2.5 Ground Based High Energy Experiments 65 4.2.6 Solar Facilities 65 4.3 Enhancing the Utilisation of Existing Facilities 67 MEGA SCIENCE VISION-2035